Perhaps two decades ago, new postmodern teachings and ways of doing church began to gain a following among many evangelicals in the English speaking world. They were characterized by calls for "generous orthodoxy", and their questioning of traditional understandings of the atonement and mission. They appealed to many genuine believers concerned about some aspects of (as they saw it) the culture of conservative churches, for example rigid adherence to doctrinal formulae without nuance or contextualization, an apparent lack of concern for the poor and minorities, a blandness in worship and lack of acknowledgement of the realities of life. The 'emerging church' set out a vision for Christian faith based on conversation and journey, messiness and inclusion, downplaying or even rejecting concern for biblical doctrine and disciplined discipleship; developing a spirituality celebrating uncertainty and the validity of different theological viewpoints, incorporating insights from other religious traditions; a focus on community not institution.
In the UK Baptist pastor Steve Chalke, having set up his (largely government funded) 'Oasis' organization, in 2003 published "The Lost Message of Jesus" (see review here) in which he denied original sin, labelled the doctrine of penal substitution as 'cosmic child abuse', and redefined mission as 'inclusion'. American Brian Maclaren has gained a large following around the world, and was invited by Rowan Williams to address the Lambeth Conference in 2008 (see here for a review of his book 'A Generous Orthodoxy'). Rob Bell's redefinition of heaven, hell, and several other core Christian doctrines in "Love Wins" (2011 – see review here), continued to mirror increasing divisions in evangelicalism between 'conservatives' and those moving towards liberal Protestantism. Bell's communication skills and uber-coolness led to an increased following among non Christians, and he eventually abandoned Christian ministry to become a self-help guru.
Read more.